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The Seafarers International Union or SIU is an organization of 12 autonomous labor unions of mariners, fishermen and boatmen working aboard vessels flagged in the United States or Canada. Michael Sacco has been its president since 1988. The organization has an estimated 35,498 members and is the largest maritime labor organization in the United States. Organizers founded the union on October 14, 1938. The Seafarers International Union arose from a charter issued to the Sailors Union of the Pacific by the American Federation of Labor as a foil against loss of jobs to the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and its Communist Party-aligned faction.〔"Brotherhood of the Sea: A History of the Sailors' Union of the Pacific," by Stephen Schwartz. Published 1986 by Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-88738-121-9.〕 Today the SIU represents mariners and boatmen who sail aboard U.S.-flagged vessels in deep sea, the Great Lakes, and inland waterways. Membership includes workers in the deck, steward, and engine departments. SIU members are represented aboard a wide variety of vessels, including: military support, commercial trade, tugboats, passenger ships, barges, and gaming vessels. Military support vessels operated by the U.S. Department of Defense's Military Sealift Command (MSC) provide a key source of jobs for seafarers. MSC operates some 110 noncombat ships that support U.S. forces around the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.seafarers.org/HeardAtHQ/2008/Q1/byrd.xml )〕 SIU membership includes eligibility for access to healthcare, retirement, and education benefits. Educational facilities include the union's Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education at Piney Point, Maryland. The training center started in Brooklyn, New York, and is named after a former SIU president, Paul Hall. The school opened in 1967 and has trained more than 100,000 mariners.〔"Mariner Education and Workforce," Capitol Hill Hearing Testimony. Statement of Augustin Tellez, Executive Vice President, The Seafarers International Union, Atlantic, Gulf, Lakes, and Inland Waters District/NMU. CQ Congressional Testimony. October 17, 2007.〕 Highly active in the political arena, the SIU states that its primary focus is to maintain safe working environments for men and women working aboard vessels, and to ensure very high standards of training among its membership. ==History== The Seafarers International Union's founding on October 14, 1938, came during the turbulent times of the Great Depression, a worldwide economic slowdown, and the international rise of communism. SIU's roots, however, reach back to 1892, when delegates representing unions of the West Coast, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Great Lakes gathered at a seamen’s convention in Chicago. The convention eventually gave rise to a federation of maritime unions known as the International Seamen's Union (ISU) chartered by the American Federation of Labor (AFL). SIU's origin is portrayed by the union as an outcome of the "wreckage" of ISU.〔Bunker, 1983.〕 The breakup saw ISU membership plummet from more than 100,000 after World War I to less than 3,000 by the mid-1930s.〔"Maritime unions merge," Journal of Commerce. June 5, 2001. The article notes how on-again, off-again merger talks dated back to the 1950s, while the rivalry between the two unions extended to the late 1930s. NMU affiliated with SIU in 1999 and fully merged on March 16, 2001.〕 The revocation of ISU's charter and the loss of 30,000 seamen in July 1937 to the Congress of Industrial Organizations' newly formed National Maritime Union (NMU) signaled ISU's death knell. Leadership of AFL, one of the first federations of labor unions, understood that the ISU was near collapse. The AFL subsequently moved to replace it by issuing a charter to the Sailors Union of the Pacific (SUP) to organize the new Seafarers International Union. Harry Lundeberg, a SUP officer and seaman who was originally from Norway, became the Seafarers International Union's first president. The SUP remained autonmous for years within SIU. The AFL's action to form the SIU not only countered the threat of loss of seafaring jobs to the NMU but also served as a political block against the increasing Communist influence in the rival Congress of Industrial Organizations.〔 〔De La Pedraja Tomán, 1994, p. 536.〕 NMU, a product of the economic struggles and waterfront strikes of the times, became a longtime nemesis of SIU.〔 The two unions fiercely competed for seafaring jobs until they merged in 2001. The Seafarers International Union membership lagged behind that of the National Maritime Union during World War II. Then Paul Hall started organizing seamen on the East Coast and the Gulf. By 1948, the surge in new membership propelled Hall to the post of SIU vice president.〔De La Pedraja Tomán, 1994, p. 537.〕 This consolidation helped the SIU edge out the NMU whose earlier purging of Communist Party members or those suspected of CP association had left it weakened.〔 Moreover, Lundeberg's death in 1957 ended a long-running power struggle between Lundeberg and Hall. Heir-apparent Hall subsequently was named SIU president and, later that year president of the AFL-CIO Maritime Trades Department.〔"Roberts' Dictionary of Industrial Relations," by Harold Selig Roberts. Published 1994 by BNA Books. ISBN 0-87179-777-1. The CIO originally split off from the AFL. The two federations merged in 1955. However, they failed to agree upon a new name, so each federation was combined into the new moniker: AFL-CIO. The merger consolidated 130 international unions.〕 When Hall took over the Maritime Trades Department, it was a struggling organization made up of only six small unions. He built it into an active and effective political force in the trade union movement. At his death, Maritime Trades Department comprised 43 national and international unions representing nearly 8 million American workers. In 1967, Hall established the Seafarers Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship in Piney Point, Maryland, to give young people the chance for a career at sea. Since then, the school has become one of the finest maritime training schools in the country. Thousands of SIU members have advanced their skills at the school. Moreover, the Harry Lundeberg School has also presented opportunities for generations of young people from deprived backgrounds to gain employment. The 1970s saw further strengthening of the SIU with acquisition through merger of the National Union of Marine Cooks and Stewards (NUMCS). After an eight-month battle with cancer, Hall died in 1980.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.seafarers.org/about/phrem.xml )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Seafarers International Union of North America」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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